A shoulder dislocation occurs when the ball of the upper arm bone (humerus) slips out of the socket (glenoid) of the shoulder blade. Because the shoulder is the most mobile joint in the human body, it is also the most prone to dislocation.
Dislocations often happen during sports, falls, or accidents that involve a sudden blow or twist to the arm. Once dislocated, the shoulder becomes more vulnerable to future instability or repeat dislocations if not properly treated.
At Dr. Burke Orthopedics, patients from Pearland, Houston, Friendswood, and Southeast Texas receive expert diagnosis and treatment for shoulder dislocations. Dr. Robert L. Burke provides compassionate, evidence-based care to restore stability, reduce pain, and prevent recurrent injuries.
The shoulder joint functions like a ball-and-socket system, providing flexibility and range of motion. However, this mobility comes at the cost of stability.
When the head of the humerus is forced out of its socket, it stretches or tears the supporting ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Dislocations can be partial (subluxation) — where the ball partially slips out — or complete, where it comes entirely out of the socket.
Repeated dislocations can lead to chronic instability, making the shoulder more prone to injury with even minor movements.
A shoulder dislocation can result from a direct impact, sudden rotation, or fall onto an outstretched arm.
Common causes include:
- Sports injuries: Football, basketball, and wrestling are frequent culprits.
- Falls: Landing on the arm or shoulder.
- Accidents: Vehicle collisions or trauma.
- Seizures or electric shocks: Can cause violent muscle contractions leading to dislocation.
Risk factors include:
- Previous dislocation or shoulder instability
- Weak shoulder muscles or ligaments
- Hypermobile (loose) joints
- Contact or overhead sports participation
- Structural abnormalities such as shallow shoulder sockets
A shoulder dislocation causes immediate pain and visible deformity, making movement extremely difficult.
Common symptoms include:
- Sudden, severe shoulder pain
- Visible deformity or bulge at the front or back of the shoulder
- Swelling and bruising around the joint
- Inability to move the arm
- Numbness or tingling down the arm or into the hand
- Muscle spasms around the shoulder joint
In cases of partial dislocation, symptoms may be milder but often include a sensation that the shoulder is “slipping out.”
At Dr. Burke Orthopedics, Dr. Robert L. Burke, a board-certified orthopedic surgeon, performs a comprehensive assessment to confirm the type and extent of dislocation and determine whether surrounding tissues have been injured.
Diagnostic process includes:
- Medical history: Understanding the cause of injury and prior dislocations.
- Physical examination: Checking joint alignment, muscle tone, and nerve function.
Imaging studies:
- X-rays: Confirm the dislocation direction (anterior, posterior, or inferior) and rule out fractures.
- MRI or MR arthrogram: Detects labral tears, ligament damage, or rotator cuff involvement.
- CT scan: Used for complex or recurrent dislocations to assess bone structure.
A complete evaluation ensures safe and effective treatment, minimizing future instability.
Treatment depends on the type of dislocation, frequency, and the health of surrounding tissues. The goal is to realign the joint, restore strength, and prevent recurrence.
Non-Surgical Treatments
Closed Reduction
- Dr. Burke gently repositions the dislocated bone back into the socket under local anesthesia or sedation.
- Provides immediate pain relief and joint realignment.
- Provides immediate pain relief and joint realignment.
Immobilization
- A sling or brace keeps the shoulder stable for 1–3 weeks to allow healing.
Pain Management
- Anti-inflammatory medications to control swelling and discomfort.
- Begins once pain decreases.
- Focuses on strengthening the rotator cuff and stabilizing muscles.
- Teaches controlled shoulder movement to prevent future dislocation.
Surgical Treatments
If the shoulder becomes unstable or dislocates repeatedly, surgery may be needed to repair torn structures and restore stability.
Dr. Burke offers several minimally invasive surgical techniques:
- Uses small incisions and a camera-guided tool to repair torn ligaments and the labrum (the cartilage ring that stabilizes the joint).
Bankart Repair
- Reattaches the torn labrum and tightens the joint capsule.
- For complex or recurrent dislocations with bone loss or multiple tissue injuries.
Latarjet Procedure
- Transfers bone from the shoulder blade to strengthen the front of the socket in recurrent anterior dislocations.
These procedures improve long-term stability and reduce the risk of future dislocations.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery timelines vary depending on injury severity and treatment approach.
Typical recovery timelines
- Non-surgical recovery: 4–6 weeks for initial healing and motion restoration.
- Arthroscopic repair: 3–6 months for full return to activity.
- Reconstructive surgery: 6–9 months for complete strength and stability restoration.
Rehabilitation goals:
- Regain flexibility and controlled motion
- Strengthen rotator cuff and stabilizing muscles
- Prevent joint stiffness
- Reduce risk of recurrence through guided therapy
Structured rehabilitation is essential to achieving a stable, functional shoulder.
Most patients recover fully with proper treatment and rehabilitation. However, those who’ve had one dislocation are more likely to experience another, especially if therapy is not completed.
Prevention tips:
- Complete your full rehabilitation program
- Strengthen the rotator cuff and shoulder stabilizers
- Avoid high-risk activities during early recovery
- Use proper sports techniques and protective gear
- Address shoulder instability early before it worsens
Following through with strengthening and stability exercises is key to long-term shoulder health.
Seek immediate orthopedic care if:
- You experience sudden shoulder pain and loss of movement
- The shoulder appears deformed or visibly out of place
- The shoulder appears deformed or visibly out of place
- You notice numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm
- A previous dislocation has caused repeated instability
Early treatment helps prevent permanent damage to ligaments, tendons, and nerves.
Take the First Step Toward Recovery
If you’ve suffered a shoulder dislocation, expert orthopedic care can help you regain strength and confidence.
At Dr. Burke Orthopedics, we specialize in treating shoulder injuries with advanced, minimally invasive techniques designed to restore full motion and prevent recurrence.
We proudly serve Pearland, Houston, Friendswood, and Southeast Texas, providing trusted orthopedic care for athletes, workers, and active adults alike.
Call (713) 436-3488 or Request an Appointment Online to schedule a consultation with Dr. Robert L. Burke, board-certified orthopedic surgeon specializing in shoulder reconstruction and trauma.
