Dr BurkeWhat Are Flat Feet?
Flat feet, also known as fallen arches, is a condition where the arches of the feet are low or completely absent, causing the entire sole of the foot to make contact with the ground when standing. While many people with flat feet do not experience symptoms, others may have pain or discomfort, particularly after standing or walking for long periods. Flat feet can also contribute to problems in the ankles, knees, and lower back. At Dr. Burke Orthopedics, we provide expert care for individuals with flat feet, offering both conservative and surgical treatments to relieve symptoms and improve foot function.
Flat feet occur when the arch of the foot, which is responsible for supporting weight and absorbing shock, is either very low or nonexistent. There are two main types of flat feet:
- Flexible Flat Feet: The arch is visible when the foot is off the ground, but it flattens when the person stands or bears weight. This is the most common type of flat feet and often develops during childhood or adolescence.
- Rigid Flat Feet: The arch is absent both when the foot is on and off the ground. This type of flat foot is less common and can result from injury, arthritis, or other medical conditions.
In some cases, flat feet are congenital, meaning they are present at birth. In others, they develop over time due to factors such as injury, aging, or conditions like arthritis.
Causes of Flat Feet
Flat feet can result from a variety of factors, both congenital and acquired. Common causes include:
- Genetics: Many people inherit flat feet from their parents. If one or both parents have flat feet, there is a higher likelihood their children will also develop the condition.
- Weak Arches: In some individuals, the arches never fully develop during childhood. Others may have arches that collapse over time due to excessive wear and tear or weakened foot muscles.
- Injury: Trauma to the foot or ankle, such as fractures, ligament damage, or tendon injuries, can lead to flat feet, particularly if the tendons that support the arch are damaged.
- Arthritis: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis can affect the joints and soft tissues in the feet, leading to arch collapse and flat feet.
- Obesity: Carrying excess weight places additional stress on the feet, which can cause the arches to flatten over time.
- Aging: As we age, the tendons that support the arches can weaken, leading to the development of flat feet in adulthood. This is often referred to as adult-acquired flatfoot deformity.
Symptoms of Flat Feet
Not all individuals with flat feet experience symptoms, but when symptoms do occur, they often include:
- Foot Pain: Pain is the most common symptom, particularly along the arch or heel. This pain may worsen after standing, walking, or engaging in physical activity.
- Swelling: Swelling or inflammation may develop on the inside of the ankle, particularly where the tendons supporting the arch are located.
- Tired or Achy Feet: Many people with flat feet experience fatigue or discomfort in their feet after long periods of standing or walking.
- Knee, Hip, or Back Pain: Flat feet can alter the alignment of the legs and hips, leading to pain in the knees, hips, or lower back due to the extra strain on these joints.
- Difficulty with Footwear: People with flat feet may have trouble finding comfortable shoes, as the lack of an arch can lead to issues such as overpronation (excessive inward rolling of the foot), which can affect gait and balance.
Diagnosis of Flat Feet
At Dr. Burke Orthopedics, diagnosing flat feet involves a thorough examination of the feet and an assessment of any related symptoms. The diagnostic process may include:
1. Physical Examination: The doctor will evaluate the structure of the feet, paying particular attention to the arches and how they respond to weight-bearing activities. They will also assess the alignment of the legs and how the feet move during walking or standing.
2. Gait Analysis: A gait analysis may be conducted to observe how the patient walks and to identify any abnormal movement patterns, such as overpronation.
3. Imaging Tests:
- X-rays: X-rays can provide detailed images of the bones in the feet, helping to identify any structural abnormalities or conditions such as arthritis that may be contributing to flat feet.
- MRI or Ultrasound: These tests may be used to assess the soft tissues, including the tendons and ligaments, to determine if there is any damage or inflammation.
Treatment for Flat Feet
Treatment for flat feet at Dr. Burke Orthopedics focuses on relieving symptoms, improving foot function, and preventing complications. Depending on the severity of the condition and the patient’s symptoms, both non-surgical and surgical treatment options may be recommended.
1. Non-Surgical Treatments:
- Orthotics: Custom orthotic devices, such as arch supports or insoles, can help distribute weight evenly across the foot, reduce strain on the arch, and improve alignment. These devices are often used to relieve pain and prevent further flattening of the foot.
- Supportive Footwear: Wearing shoes with good arch support and cushioning can help alleviate pain and reduce stress on the feet. Shoes that provide adequate support for the arch are essential for managing flat feet.
- Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles in the feet and lower legs can improve foot function and reduce pain. Stretching exercises for the Achilles tendon and calf muscles may also help prevent tightness and strain on the foot.
- Rest and Ice: If flat feet are causing pain or inflammation, rest and applying ice to the affected area can help reduce discomfort.
- Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be recommended to relieve pain and reduce inflammation in the feet.
2. Surgical Treatments: Surgery is rarely required for flat feet unless the condition is severe and causing significant pain or mobility issues. Surgical options may include:
- Tendon Repair: If the tendons that support the arch are damaged or weakened, surgery may be performed to repair or reconstruct the tendons.
- Osteotomy: This procedure involves cutting and repositioning the bones in the foot to create a more stable arch and improve alignment.
- Fusion Surgery: In severe cases, where arthritis or other structural issues are present, joint fusion surgery may be performed to stabilize the foot and correct the deformity.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
The recovery process for flat feet depends on the treatment approach. For non-surgical treatments, most patients experience relief within a few weeks to months, especially when using orthotics and performing physical therapy exercises.
- Non-Surgical Recovery: With the use of orthotics and supportive footwear, many individuals can manage their symptoms and return to normal activities without pain. Regular physical therapy exercises can help strengthen the feet and prevent future issues.
- Post-Surgical Recovery: For patients who undergo surgery, recovery times vary depending on the type of procedure. Most patients will need to avoid weight-bearing activities for several weeks while the foot heals. Physical therapy is essential after surgery to restore strength, flexibility, and mobility in the foot.
At Dr. Burke Orthopedics, we provide personalized rehabilitation plans tailored to each patient’s needs, helping them regain function and prevent future complications.
Why Choose Dr. Burke Orthopedics for Flat Feet?
At Dr. Burke Orthopedics, we are committed to providing expert care for patients with flat feet, offering both conservative and surgical treatment options based on each patient’s unique needs. Our team of orthopedic specialists works closely with patients to develop personalized treatment plans aimed at relieving pain, improving foot function, and preventing further complications. With state-of-the-art diagnostic tools and advanced treatment techniques, Dr. Burke Orthopedics ensures that patients receive the highest level of care for flat feet and related conditions.