What Is Achilles Tendonitis?
Achilles tendonitis is a condition that causes pain, stiffness, and inflammation in the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. This condition is common among runners, athletes, and individuals who engage in repetitive stress activities. At Dr. Burke Orthopedics, we offer both conservative and surgical treatments to help patients recover from Achilles tendonitis and prevent future injury.
Achilles tendonitis occurs when the Achilles tendon becomes irritated and inflamed due to overuse or injury. This tendon is crucial for walking, running, and jumping, as it allows the foot to push off the ground. Achilles tendonitis can be either:
- Acute: Short-term inflammation due to sudden increases in physical activity.
- Chronic: Long-term degeneration of the tendon, also known as Achilles tendinosis, typically due to repeated stress over time.
Causes of Achilles Tendonitis
Achilles tendonitis often results from repetitive strain on the tendon. Common causes include:
- Overuse: Excessive running, especially uphill, or sudden increases in physical activity can place too much strain on the tendon.
- Improper Footwear: Wearing shoes with inadequate heel support or using worn-out shoes for athletic activities can lead to increased tension on the tendon.
- Flat Feet or High Arches: Structural abnormalities in the foot can alter the mechanics of walking or running, causing additional stress on the Achilles tendon.
- Tight Calf Muscles: Limited flexibility in the calf muscles places extra strain on the Achilles tendon.
- Age: As we age, the Achilles tendon loses flexibility, making it more prone to injury.
- Trauma: A direct injury to the tendon, such as a sudden increase in activity or a fall, can lead to inflammation.
Symptoms of Achilles Tendonitis
Achilles tendonitis typically develops gradually, with symptoms worsening over time. Common signs include:
- Pain and Stiffness: Pain at the back of the heel, particularly after periods of rest or in the morning. The pain may lessen with activity but can return after prolonged exercise.
- Swelling: Swelling around the Achilles tendon, which may be accompanied by warmth and tenderness.
- Limited Range of Motion: Tightness in the tendon that limits the ability to flex the foot.
- Crackling Sensation: A crackling or creaking sensation in the tendon, especially when moving the ankle.
- Weakness: Difficulty or weakness when attempting to stand on tiptoe.
Diagnosis of Achilles Tendonitis
At Dr. Burke Orthopedics, diagnosing Achilles tendonitis begins with a thorough physical examination and a review of your medical history. Specific diagnostic steps may include:
1. Physical Examination: The doctor will examine the Achilles tendon for tenderness, swelling, and warmth. They may also assess the range of motion and flexibility of the ankle and calf muscles.
2. Imaging Tests:
- Ultrasound: This test helps assess the severity of the inflammation and any damage to the tendon.
- MRI: In more severe cases, an MRI may be ordered to detect small tears or degeneration in the tendon.
3. Movement Tests: To evaluate the strength and function of the Achilles tendon, the doctor may ask you to perform certain movements, such as standing on your toes or walking.
Treatment for Achilles Tendonitis
Achilles tendonitis treatment at Dr. Burke Orthopedics is designed to reduce inflammation, restore function, and prevent future injury. Treatment options include:
1. Non-Surgical Treatments:
- Rest and Activity Modification: Limiting physical activity, particularly running or jumping, allows the tendon to heal.
- Ice and Elevation: Applying ice to the affected area can reduce swelling and pain. Elevating the leg can also help reduce inflammation.
- Orthotics: Custom orthotic devices, such as heel lifts, may be recommended to reduce strain on the tendon and provide additional support during healing.
- Physical Therapy: A tailored physical therapy program will focus on stretching and strengthening exercises for the calf muscles and Achilles tendon. Eccentric exercises (controlled lengthening of the tendon) are particularly effective for improving flexibility and strength.
- Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help manage pain and inflammation in the short term.
- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT): In some cases, shock wave therapy can be used to stimulate healing in the tendon through sound waves.
2. Surgical Treatments: Surgery may be considered if non-surgical treatments fail to provide relief after 6-12 months of conservative care. Surgical options include:
- Debridement: The surgeon will remove damaged or inflamed tissue from the Achilles tendon to promote healing.
- Tendon Repair: In cases of partial tears or severe damage, the tendon may need to be repaired surgically.
- Gastrocnemius Recession: If tight calf muscles are contributing to the condition, the surgeon may perform a procedure to lengthen the calf muscle, reducing strain on the tendon.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
The recovery period for Achilles tendonitis depends on the severity of the condition and whether surgery is required. Non-surgical treatments may take several weeks to a few months for full recovery, during which patients are advised to gradually return to physical activity with caution.
For surgical cases, recovery can take longer—up to six months. A structured rehabilitation program, including physical therapy, will focus on regaining strength, flexibility, and mobility in the ankle and calf. Dr. Burke Orthopedics provides personalized rehabilitation plans to ensure patients make a full and successful recovery, with follow-up visits to monitor progress.
Why Choose Dr. Burke Orthopedics for Achilles Tendonitis?
At Dr. Burke Orthopedics, we specialize in diagnosing and treating tendon injuries like Achilles tendonitis. Our team takes a patient-centered approach, offering personalized care that includes advanced diagnostic tools, conservative management, and surgical expertise when necessary. With a commitment to restoring function and preventing future injury, Dr. Burke Orthopedics ensures that patients receive the best possible care tailored to their specific needs and lifestyle.